Sociology - Family Relationships - Marriage Essay

Human science - Family Relationships - Marriage - Essay Example It is both a physical and a psychological need of each individual. Individuals need to get hitched so as to build up a sound society where kids know who their folks are and the guardians are at risk to satisfy their children’s individual, social and affordable needs. This is major to the advancement of a dynamic and humanistic culture. Marriage crush is conceivably an awkwardness between the quantity of ladies and grooms in a specific network. For instance, the African America men will in general wed white American women leaving practically 43% African American ladies between the ages of 30 to 34 years unmarried. (Newsweek refered to in Darleene, 2007). Notwithstanding, the ladies of the network will in general confine themselves to African American men as a result of a few reasons. In this way, there are a bigger number of grooms in the African American people group than ladies. Wedding down is a term used to allude to the situations when a person from a specific social and financial class will in general wed another from a lower class. Most African American ladies will in general wed down as they as a rule locate no decision however to wed lower class men of their race. A portion of the key factors that assume a definitive job in the continuation of marriage are joblessness, absence of trust, absence of affection and genuineness, misuse (either verbal or physical or both), barrenness, ridiculously exclusive requirements and monetary trouble. These are the variables that entice the individual accomplices of the couple to separate the marriage when all is said in done. In any case, the most major factors that choose whether or not a couple will remain wedded are the capacity of both of the two accomplices to bargain, the level of significance they bestow to their relationship and the time they take into account the issues to get settled. In the event that a couple is resolved to remain wedded, nothing can devastate it. At some point or another, everything gets settled down and the two begin to discover solace and harmony in their

Wonder Woman Comics: History and Development

Miracle Woman Comics: History and Development Miracle Woman Costume For more than 60 years, Wonder Woman has filled the pages of her magazine with experiences running from engaging Nazis, to declawing human-like Cheetahs. Her adventures excited and roused numerous little youngsters, including Gloria Steinem. Through the entirety of this, she has needed to steer her undetectable fly through domains that her male partners have never needed to. She is continually pulled in two ways; her accounts must be engaging and none threatening to the male business as usual, while at the same time facilitating her as the first image of Girl Power. She is adulated for being a symbol of solidarity to ladies all over, however chastised for wearing a meager outfit and tying men up, as though she were close to a male dream. No comic book character has needed to suffer as much investigation as Wonder Woman. That is on the grounds that Wonder Woman speaks to a whole sex, during a period of significant social motion. Despite the fact that she was made by a man to impact a male crowd, Wonder Woman has developed into a significant image of the women's activist development. An Amazon is conceived Soon after Superman showed up in 1939, a prominent therapist by the name of William Moulton Marston composed an article in Family Circle magazine, adulating comic books. As indicated by Les Daniels in Wonder Woman: The Complete History (Chronicle Books, 2000, pp. 22-24), his article grabbed the attention of M.C. Additions of DC Comics. Increases was so intrigued by the article, he recruited Marston into another situation at DC Comics. Inside a year, at the asking of his significant other, Marston set out to make a female hero. By February 1941, Marston submitted his first content for ‘Suprema: The Wonder Woman.’(We owe an obligation of gratitude to whoever dropped the Suprema.) Marston made a one of a kind courageous woman, in light of on Greek Mythology. Diana was the Princess of Paradise Island, an enchanted spot possessed by Amazons. Her mom, Hippolyte (some of the time alluded to as Hippolyta), Queen of the Amazons, needed a youngster and requested of the Goddesses o f Olympus to give her one. She was told to shape a youngster from mud. At the point when she was done, the goddesses pervaded the sculpture with life. Diana was raised as the princess of her country, until one day, an airplane stealing one Steve Trevor slammed away the shores of the island. Diana safeguarded him and breast fed him back to wellbeing. The Goddesses proclaimed a challenge ought to be held to discover an Amazon champion to return Trevor to the United States and furthermore help with the war exertion. As the princess, Diana was taboo to participate in the challenge by her mom, the Queen. Diana masked herself and won. Hesitantly, Hippolyte granted Diana the outfit of the victor and sent her on her way, and a legend was conceived. Marston had said his point with Wonder Woman was to impact a male crowd with the idea that females could be similarly as incredible as men, using their own blessings. A reoccurring subject is the strength of ladies over men, by instructing them adoring accommodation. Actually the early issues of Wonder Woman quite often contained scenes of servitude. Marvel Womans one shortcoming was to have her arm bands anchored together by a man. Many, numerous men exploited that. Since he was in the group that built up the primary polygraph, Marston gave Wonder Woman an enchantment tether that would empower her to extricate reality from its casualty or make them defenseless to her proposals. Obviously, they must be tied up. On the off chance that Wonder Woman wasnt tied up, she was occupied with binds another person to do her offering. At the point when you join that with an enchanting ensemble, (The outfit made such a furor, DC Comics supervisor, Dorothy Roubicek composed a reminder to Gains rec ommending the ensemble be given a progressively Greek tunic look. (Daniels, pp. 62-63)) the early Wonder Woman appears to be a fetishistic dream. That might be probably the most compelling motivation it was such colossal accomplishment with a male crowd. Craftsman H.G. Subside represented Wonder Woman for Marstons whole residency on the book. Despite the fact that he was required to portray Wonder Woman in subjugation themes and other various ventures, his specialty was not excessively sexual. This was one of the variables which set up Wonder Woman among female fans. She was solid and athletic, yet without a stunning self-perception. A considerable lot of her experiences set her in opposition to a genuine adversary, the Nazis. This was World War II, all things considered, and ladies were dong their part to help the war exertion. Marvel Woman was an image of the development of ladies in dynamic jobs. In any case, even before the war was finished, Marston started presenting costumed miscreants. Strangely enough most were female. Dr. Toxin, the absolute originally costumed scoundrel, was really a Japanese princess, masked as a man. As her Rogues Gallery developed, it turned out to be progressively populated with ladies, than men; The Cheetah, Queen Clea, and Giganta, just to give some examples. It appeared that Wonder Woman would be consigned to battling her own sexual orientation. It was another way that she could be deciphered as ground-breaking, without upsetting the norm. She was seldom observed as somebody who could overwhelm a solid male scoundrel. Marvel Woman continued to be a significant image in those early days. She was the main female superhuman in the Justice Society of America (A harbinger of the Justice League of America), despite the fact that she was consigned to the workplace of secretary. Once more, it was an enormous step while being compliant to the male saints in the book. You can nearly observe her serving espresso at JSA gatherings. Her magazine appeared a reinforcement highlight called Wonder Women of History in which a significant female authentic figure was profiled. It appeared that the goal of her being an image of woman's rights were there, while the activities of the accounts painted an alternate, progressively sexual picture. This is an inconsistency that endures even into today. The Silver Age After Marstons demise, Robert Kanigher assumed control over the obligations on Wonder Woman. In an uncommon event, Kanigher filled in as both essayist and editorial manager for more than 20 years. Gone were the Nazis, and huge numbers of Wonder Womans unique adversaries. In their place, Kanigher started composing stories focused on Wonder Womans sentimental life. In Sensation Comics #97 (May-June 1950), Wonder Woman turns into the sentiment manager of a womens magazine. Rather than engaging underhandedness reprobates, Wonder Woman herself turned into the focal point of contention, as characters like Bird-Man and Mer-Man competed for the expressions of love of the Amazon Princess. Different occasions, she would have an entire story devoted to disclosing to poor Steve Trevor that they couldn't wed until her administrations as a legend were not, at this point required. It appeared that Wonder Woman had been consigned to the job of the lady fighting off various admirers, as though she we re a southern beauty. It is intriguing to take note of that during this time, Wonder Women of History was supplanted with an element considered Marriage in the current style, praising the marriage customs of various societies. Miracle Woman of the 1950s was in a motion, much the same as American ladies. They had been approached to do their part during the war, yet when the men got back home, the time had come to return into the kitchen. The issue was most ladies understood an undiscovered potential to be in excess of a spouse and mother. This would appear as current woman's rights in the following decade. It must be brought up that a large portion of the supporting cast was comprised of other ladies; (Hippolyte, different Amazons, and even a more youthful variant of Wonder Woman, Wonder Girl) however the tales were as yet fixated on marriage and beaus. The masterful group of Ross Andru and Mike Esposito climbed Wonder Womans star-radiant shorts a piece, yet at the same time the craftsmanship was deferential to the female body. No overwhelming bosoms or pencil slight midriffs. Marvel Woman had an athletic form and was viewed as graceful. A Change Will Do You Good 1968 was a fascinating year for our Amazing Amazon. After Kanighers takeoff, Editorial Director Carmine Infantino relegated essayist Dennis ONeil and penciller Mike Sekowsky to the title. At the point when another author is allocated to a title, the heading of the character generally moves, however nobody could foresee the course ONeil and group were going to take. What they were doing in Wonder Woman, I didnt perceive how a child, male or female, could identify with it. It was so far expelled from their reality, reviewed ONeil. (Daniels p. 125) His answer was to evacuate Wonder Womans powers, adequately putting an ordinary female out into the world to fight for her self. Gone were the enchantment tether, impenetrable wristbands, and imperceptible stream. Marvel Woman was presently furnished in mod 60s garments and joined forces with an Asian tutor, I Ching. She depended on combative techniques rather than Amazon quality. ONeil accepted that by making her a typical individual battling in a remarkable world, she would be an increasingly practical women's activist image. Numerous individuals concurred and deals soar. Marvel Woman was kept toward this path for right around two years before an exceptionally unmistakable women's activist took an enemy of de-controlled Wonder Woman position: Gloria Steinem. In July of 1972, Steinems new magazine, Ms. hit the newspaper kiosks with a recognizable face on the spread. Underneath a pennant that read Wonder Woman for President was a rendering of Wonder Woman, in her conventional ensemble. Writer Joanne Edgar took up two pages of the chief issue to decry the progressions made to Wonder Woman, and to guarantee perusers that Wonder Woman would come back to her underlying foundations in 1973. Steinem likewise composed the forward to a hardcover assortment of Marston-period Wonder Woman stories, and accepted the open door to revile the progressions herself. Steinem and others felt that by ransacking Wonder Woman of her forces and devices, they had debilitated a significant image. She was not, at this point a novel individual. It could likewise be proposed that in light of the fact that the thought originated from a man, that it was an endeavor by guys to nullify a lady as an amazing power. It appeared that Wonder Woman had been embraced by the wom en's activist development as an incredible image of what a lady could strive for. It is plausible

Alternative Spring Break Building Bottle Schools COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Alternative Spring Break Building Bottle Schools COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog SIPA students are an adventurous bunch.   As proof of this, some decided to spend their spring break to assist with a community development project in Guatemala.   Mynor Godoy was one of the students and he put together a great summary of their time. To whet your appetite, here is the introduction: Eight hours north of Guatemala’s capital city, we finally reached a plateau in Cuchumatan.   We were hit with a barren landscape; It was a far cry from the lush, green tropical scenes   promoted in the Guatemalan ecotourism pamphlet. We began the descent into the clouds in our van. The bumpy dirt road made us bounce around inside as our van hugged the turns on the winding cliff road. Finally, we came to a stop in a valley nestled by towering mountains. We had arrived in Todos Santos. For the full write up on the trip, with many great pictures, click here.

Alternative Spring Break Building Bottle Schools COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Alternative Spring Break Building Bottle Schools COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog SIPA students are an adventurous bunch.   As proof of this, some decided to spend their spring break to assist with a community development project in Guatemala.   Mynor Godoy was one of the students and he put together a great summary of their time. To whet your appetite, here is the introduction: Eight hours north of Guatemala’s capital city, we finally reached a plateau in Cuchumatan.   We were hit with a barren landscape; It was a far cry from the lush, green tropical scenes   promoted in the Guatemalan ecotourism pamphlet. We began the descent into the clouds in our van. The bumpy dirt road made us bounce around inside as our van hugged the turns on the winding cliff road. Finally, we came to a stop in a valley nestled by towering mountains. We had arrived in Todos Santos. For the full write up on the trip, with many great pictures, click here.

Essay about Whale Hunting By the Makah Tribe - 684 Words

Whale hunting has been a way of life for the Makah Tribe for more than 2000 years. They have traditionally depended on the whale meat to survive as well as they have utilized the whales blubber and oil. The dependence on whale hunting has caused the whale to be an integral part of the Makah culture. The whale is in their songs, dances, designs and basketry. It has given them a disciple and pride in their tribe. Yet for the past seventy years the Makah has been prevented from hunting due to the gray whale, the whale they hunt, being on the endangered list. In 1994 the gray whale was removed form the endangered list opening the possibility of the Makah Tribe to hunt again. Yet this possibility has caused anti-whaling organizations†¦show more content†¦This treatys importance to the Makahs is due, to what they feel as, their need for their culture to be able to hunt. They believe that without hunting integrated into their culture their people have grown restless and lack discipline and pride. The also attribute many of their health problems to the lack of sea mammal meat in their diet. They believe that the restoration of whaling will help restore that discipline and pride as well as help physically. The Makah realize that people are concerned that if they resume whale hunting that the gray whale will suffer the possibility of extension again. Yet the treaty carries stipulations on what and how many whales they can kill. The Makah can only kill up to five adult gray males in migration per year. The are not allowed to hunt a calf or a mother with a calf. With the species having its largest population ever at 22,263 and increasing 2.5 percent every year, the Makahs hunt will not threaten the gray whale with endangerment. Anti-whaling organizations argue that if the Makah are allowed to hunt that they should not be able to hunt the migrating males, only those in permanent residence. Yet Makah Tribal Chairman Greig Arnold replied Whaling is dangerous enough just to go, and then to add all these stipulations just makes it more dangerous. These stipulations would force the Makah to hunt in the ocean in December or early spring when the seas are high and the weather isShow MoreRelatedThe Origins Of The Makah Tribe1697 Words   |  7 PagesThe Makah tribe is a native American tribe who lived in Olympic Peninsula in Washington State for centuries. Makah people tended to descend their culture to one another and ran on their traditions through generations. Makah tribe practiced whale hunting in the past as one of their historical traditions when they were given permission after Treaty of†¯Neah.†¯The†¯Makah harvested whale for provisions and countries-exporting values. But most people think it s demoralizing to kill a pure, innocent mammalRead MoreMe, Myself, and I778 Words   |  4 PagesSuite 1100 Portland, OR 97232 From: Wren Lynberg Re: Makah Request for Waiver of MMPA Moratorium Dear Mr. Stone, After carefully reviewing the available background information on the Makah Indian Tribe’s request for a waiver of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) moratorium against hunting of gray whales, I believe that the waiver by the Makah peoples should be approved. I agree with the Makah Tribe’s position that their treaty rights, granted to them in the TreatyRead More Whaling in US compared to Japan Essay977 Words   |  4 Pages50 years over two million whales have been killed? The United States views whaling very differently than Japan does. It is a complicated and controversial topic. Many people have opinions about whale hunting. However, everyone should know both sides of the whale hunting issues before they act on the issue. To start out I am going to tell you a little about whaling. The first whale hunters were in the prehistoric times. At first they would just kill and eat beached whales. That became such a habitRead MoreNative Americans And Western Culture2900 Words   |  12 Pageslived off the land in North America, without claiming ownership or creating massive environmental destruction. They have both a deep love and fear for the power of nature, and try to live as one with the environment. Because of this common value among tribes, Native Americans are often stereotyped as being the first environmentalists, which is not entirely true. Native Americans do value and treasure the environment, but not always in the way western environmentalists imagen. Modern environmentalistsRead More A Look at Todays Whaling Essay3413 Words   |  14 Pages â€Å" The story of the whale is so remarkable, that were there not so many witnesses, I would not venture to tell it, lest I be accused of exaggeration.† -J.D.B Stillman, aboard the ship Plymouth, November 1850 (Stewart, 1995) There is no doubt that humans have always been intrigued with the majestic beauty of the large giants found in all of the world’s oceans. Whales and people have had a long history together, marked by many turns of events. Long ago, native tribes, from many places in theRead MoreThe Mitchell Museum Of The American Indian Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pageswas informed that the museum is divided by Tribes and the regions in which each tribe was located. The museum is divided into Alaska/Canada, Northwest Coast, Southwest, Plains, and Woodlands. The reason I think it is divided this way is so that every person who visits has the ability to learn about each region of tribes separately. It is easy to make assumptions that Native Americans were all the same, but the truth is that they were all unique. Each tribe has their own customs, clothing, food, and

Does Reality Television Influence Youth - 1480 Words

Jaesuk Eom Dr. Mary Gray English 1303 29 March 2016 Does reality television influence youth? Part I Television plays a very large and influential role in spreading modern pop culture. It seems like there is no doubt that television are taking over and regulating many of our business, social value, and lifestyle. Its entertaining aspect led it to become a significant part of our lives. Since it has deeply rooted into our culture, we might believe that it always has been on our side. However, I personally thought that reality shows televise much more negative elements than exposing positive element. Thus, I began my research through searching how reality television shows affect its viewers. In the beginning, I firstly researched about reality television to give myself a basic knowledge of it. Then I looked for the good effect of reality television because I did not want to be biased when I inquire into my topic. But most of the articles related to positive effect of reality television seemed like they are based on the authors’ own experience rather than proven studies. I could not agree with those articles and started search for the negatives. The first article I came across was found in UH library and titled â€Å"Everybody Hurts: Addiction, Drama, and the Family in the Reality Television Show Intervention.† The author examines â€Å"intervention†, a popular reality show, and reveals that the program only seeks for viewer’s interests by using fabricated interviews on the show. AfterShow MoreRelatedHoney Boo Boo: The Dark Side of Reality TV947 Words   |  4 Pagescorruption of youth and beauty, and the loss of soul, which is only replaced by money.† Today’s television shows are decaying into more polluted and inappropriate ideas, which are then presented worldwide. This is a negative influence on not only young people, but also society as a whole. How can it be expected of youth today to be appropriate role models to future generations with such corrupt influences? With the filth, dishonesty, and abuse of freedo m of speech, reality television ultimately does moreRead MoreThe Impact Reality Tv Has on Our Youth1167 Words   |  5 PagesThe Impact Reality Television Has On Our Youth Television serves nearly 30 hours of entertainment to children 8 to 18, weekly. Reality television is a phenomenon that is sweeping the globe. These programs are widely viewed by kids, tweens, and teens. Many of these kids idolize reality stars and mimic their every move and their vocabulary. This alleged reality is negatively affecting the well-being of children world-wide. Kids tend to imitate what they observe on television and these programsRead MoreMedia Violence: A Negative Influence on Young People A massive amount of violence is being1300 Words   |  6 PagesMedia Violence: A Negative Influence on Young People A massive amount of violence is being displayed in the media and has become harder to avoid. Violence is everywhere. We experience it in various ways, such as rap music, television, or first person shooter video games. We hear rap music and remember the vicious lyrics. We constantly watch celebrities commit crime on television and observe people being slaughtered multiple times a day. Youth can virtually do the slaughtering of the other charactersRead MoreTelevision Advertising Effects1153 Words   |  5 PagesTelevision has a tremendous impact on the American culture. Even though television has positive effects, the negative effects of television outweigh the positive effects. The majority of television watched is through advertisements. Television advertisements have a great impact on Americans, especially the youth. In fact, a young person views 40,000 television advertisements per year (Committee on Communications). Concerning a child’s developing cognition and social pr essures, television advertisementsRead MoreThe Reality Of Television Has On Store For Me Tonight1547 Words   |  7 PagesIt is Monday morning and I am already thinking about what reality television has in store for me tonight. There are so many shows to choose from at prime time, so instead of making a hard decision, I simply plan to watch them all. From Basketball Wives and Black Ink Crew to Love and Hip-hop and The Real Housewives of Atlanta, my Monday night seems to be very eventful. It is something about the constant drama that keeps my glued to the TV screen – the constant shouting and fussing, not to mentionRead MoreThe Programs Juvenile Intervention Program1323 Words   |  6 PagesIt is said that our society influences they we grow up, our social and community conditions as well as our interactions with others influence our behavior. Growing up in low class neighborhoods that are more likely to be affected by crime often allows youth to follow a path toward crimina l behavior rather than it being of random behavior. In this paper I will discuss two programs Juvenile Intervention Program (JIP) and the S.H.O.C.K program these programs where created to help young adults make betterRead MoreInfluence of Media and Popular Culture Essay924 Words   |  4 Pagesgenders. When people think about Media and popular cultures, reality show is reminded naturally since it is popular throughout America. Media hide many truths from the people, but reality shows need censorship for youths, but some says Reality shows are just for entertaining. Moreover, Rachel Potratz, the author of â€Å"When is Reality Real?: Youth Perceptions of MTV Reality Programs,† said that reality show programs are helping youth to learn about the world by parasocial interaction when she hadRead MoreEssay on Child Development1286 Words   |  6 Pagescontribute to every milestone. Most parents stress over physical and mental stages so much so that play-time is ignored. By making decisions that sacrifice play parents hinder their social development. Parents must take action and encourage their youth to play more, before childhood is lost forever. Play-time is an essential part of early childhood development as well as their most primitive form of expression. In an article titled â€Å"The Importance of Play† by Bruno Bettelheim, he refers to SigmundRead MoreViolence on Television Can Have Negative Effects on Children1210 Words   |  5 Pagesrepeated violence on television desensitizes children to violence, and similarly incorrect portrayals of sex on television may contribute to adolescent sex. Violence, and sex on television negatively impacts todays youth, and adolescents. In fact, a main contributor to these negative effects on children are caused by parents. Some parents pay little to no attention to the ratings of television shows, or movies, or the amount of sex, and/or violence their child sees on television. Studies indicateRead MoreViolence in Television, Movies, and Video Games Should Not Be Censored1653 Words   |  7 PagesVIOLENCE IN TELEVISION, MOVIES, AND VIDEO GAMES SHOULD NOT BE CENSORED Television, movies, and video games have a great influence on the minds of todays youth. But, what exactly are the effects of such an influence? Certain people have exaggerated the effects that these media have on todays youth. Many people, including government officials, have singled out these three media sources as the cause of some types of violence simply because it is an easy target for laying the blame. The truth is

Morocco a developing country Free Essays

Developing countries are countries with non- or undeveloped industrial base, low living standards, and low HDI (Human Development Index) compared to developed countries like the United States and the European Union countries. Morocco is a good example of a typical developing country. It has an undeveloped industrial base, low living standards, and a low HDI. We will write a custom essay sample on Morocco a developing country or any similar topic only for you Order Now In fact, Morocco is ranked at the 130th place over 185 member states of the UN in 2013. Also, according to the United Nations Development Program, Morocco has a medium human development. The reasons that make Morocco a developing country are numerous. Actually, the three main reasons that make the Cheriflan Kingdom a developing country are: French colonialism, low standards of social programs, and absence of human rights. Firstly, Morocco is a developing country because of its historical roots. Indeed, one of the main reasons that make Morocco a developing country is the French Protectorate. The French Protectorate, or the French colonialism, worsened the situation in Morocco since its establishment in 1912 until the Independence in 1956. The French and some Moroccan elite constituted by bourgeois Fassis and Rbatis took the biggest part of cake. This French-Moroccan oligarchy took share of the biggest and most lucrative businesses in Morocco such as agriculture, banks and insurance, industry, and politics. This situation made the rich richer and the poor poorer. Until nowadays, we still notice than the nerve of Morocco, which is economics, is still held by noble and notoriously rich families. Thus, the distribution of wealth in Morocco is unbalanced as we observe that there are the rich, the poor, and a small entity that akes the middle class. In developed countries, middle classes are the ones that empower the economics and politics of a country. Take the example of Norway where a minister uses a bike or public transportation to get to his/her Job. We are not ready to see this anytime soon in Morocco. My argument, which is based on a historical basis, is that Morocco suffered and is still suffering from the French colonialism and that the Protectorate was mainly in advantage of France not of the majority of Moroccans, who were very poor in the first half of the twentieth century. Unfortunately, Morocco has a very low standard of social programs. Instead of taking the best part of the French colonialism, Morocco took by large the bad side of the French system: one of the most tangible consequences of the French presence in Morocco is the cultural alienation. However, Morocco did not take advantage of some aspects of the French system such as the Social Security. Indeed, the French Social Security is a program made by diverse organizations that take care of citizens in four contexts: illness, old age, family, and accident. In Morocco, there is no such system. Unless you are working in the state owned sector or in a good private company, you don’t have access to the Social Security. Morocco has only organizations such as CNOPS, CNSS, or private insurance and banking companies that have a backup role in case of unfortunate happening. This is a major factor that does not make Morocco a developed country, but a developing one. Finally, Morocco has a long standing reputation of non respecting human rights. Right atter the French colonialism, King Hassan 2 came to power and starts to use repressive techniques to dissuade some zealous intellectuals. Fortunately, with the present of the contemporary King Mohamed 6, the situation is getting better especially with the instauration of the Equity and Reconciliation Commission. One of the most important criteria of a developed country is to respect human rights and maintain freedom for every citizen. Unfortunately, Morocco is not very good in that topic. We still have abuse of power, corrupted politicians, civil servants, and forces of security servants. Consequently, Morocco still has a long path to follow until it reaches a full status of democracy and becomes a developed country. To sum up, Morocco should have Scandinavian countries as role models since they are truly the perfect example of developed and modern nations. All the four Nordic countries (Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland) suffered from the WW II but have reborn from their ashes like a phoenix. Morocco has never been involved in a major bloody war but still suffers from the presence of a soft power called Protectorate. As a country with a promising young population, we should be more open to the world, be working harder, pragmatic, and more tolerant to achieve the status of a developed country. How to cite Morocco a developing country, Papers

Quantitative Analysis Gross Domestic Product

Question: Discuss about the Quantitative Analysis Gross Domestic Product. Answer: Introduction: The gross domestic product (GDP) is the macro economic indicator that indicates the collective value of goods and services produced/render by a country in a fiscal year. It is also known as the national output. On adjusting the figures of gross domestic product for inflation, real GDP is arrived at. Thus, the real GDP is nothing but just the GDP adjusted on account of inflation (McTaggart, Findlay, and Parkin, 2012). The growth in real GDP reflects the overall prosperity of the country and not of the individuals. Further, the gross domestic product can not be used in measuring certain items which are crucial in evaluating standard of living such as health and life expectancy. Additionally, it does not take into account inequalities in the income distribution (McTaggart, Findlay, and Parkin, 2012). GDP an Unreliable Measure of Standard of Living: Further, the measurement of living standard of the people can not be based on any single factor. The gross domestic product could be one factor to evaluate the living standard of the people; however, it can not be the sole factor. Apart from gross domestic product, there are other factors such as unemployment rate, inequality of income distribution, poverty rate, life expectancy, and health which also are crucial in evaluating the living standard of the people (Avramov, 2002). Thus, concluding about the living standard of the people based on only GDP would be unreliable. Using GDP in conjunction with other factors to measure living standard of the people could present reliable results (Avramov, 2002). The unemployment is defined as the situation of an economy in which job seekers are greater than the available job opportunities. This implies that when the demand for labor is outpaced by the supply, the situation of unemployment is developed. In Australia, the prevailing aggregate unemployment rate has been found to be 5.70% (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2016). Factor Causing Unemployment to Rise: There can not be any one factor attributable for rising unemployment in the country rather it is the combined impact of various factors taken together. The most crucial among those factors are age distribution, scale of structural changes, real wages rates, and unemployment benefits. It is quite common to observe that countries having young people as the large proportion of the population faces challenges to increase employment opportunities (Avramov, 2002). In this case, if the increase in employment opportunities is outpaced by the increase in the young age population, the problems of unemployment are sure to arrive. Further, the change in technology at large scale fills up the demand of worker by bringing modern machines into processes. The live examples of unemployment caused due to the technological developments at the large scale are the countries such as India and China. It has been observed that low wages rates cause the unemployment rate to go high (Avramov, 2002). Unavoidable Unemployment: In certain situations, the unemployment becomes unavoidable. For instance, cyclical unemployment is caused due to cyclical changes in the economy which are unavoidable (Avramov, 2002). Every economy in the world has to go through the cycles of recession and depression once in the life time. As the economy is grabbed by the recessionary conditions, the problems of unemployment are doomed to arrive. Price level in respect of goods and services is the average of current prices of goods produced or services rendered, taking the country as a whole. The rate of inflation shows increase or downfall in the average prices of the goods or services in the current period as compared to the previous period. Relationship between the Level of Prices and Inflation: Inflation is measured with reference to the prices of goods and services. The rise in prices of goods and services indicates rising inflation (Hubbard et al., 2014). The computation of inflation is made based on the average prices of goods and services, therefore, it could be said that rise in average prices of goods and services indicates rise in the rate of inflation. As the inflation increases, the value of currency goes down. The decrease in the value of currency implies that fewer goods could be bought now with the same amount of money. There several reasons which cause the inflation to arise. The economics agree among themselves that all factors that cause sudden increase in demand or increase in the cost of production contribute to inflation. It could be decrease in interest rate that may cause inflation to rise. This is because, the low interest rates makes the borrowing cheaper, which pushes the demand of goods and services upside in the market (Hubbard et al., 2014). The de mand goes up, which causes the producers and sellers to raise the prices up and the increased prices of goods and services ultimately culminates in high inflation. The simple demand curve depicts relationship between the demand of goods and the prices of such goods. On the vertical axis, the prices of goods are presented and horizontal axis is tagged with the quantity demanded. In case of aggregate demand curve, the important thing to note is that the quantity demanded does not relate to any specific item rather it is aggregate quantity of all the goods produced in a country (Arnold, 2007). In the same way, the price of goods and services is also reflected by GDP of the country. The aggregate demand (AD) curve slopping downward is shown below: The inverse relationship between the price and demand causes the demand curve to slope downward; however, it is important to understand as to which factors cause changes in price level of the goods and services. The aggregate demand curve slops downward which is considered due to three major reasons such as wealth effect, interest rate effect, and net exports effect (Arnold, 2007). The wealth effect relates to supply of money. When the price level rises up, the government shrinks the supply of money due which buying power of the buyer goes down. The decrease in the buying power of the buyer brings the demand down. Another factor is the interest effect. The government increases interest rates to control spending. The controlled spending causes reduction in the demand of the goods and services. Further, the position as regards net exports is also crucial to know as to why the aggregate demand curve slopes downward (Arnold, 2007). The aggregate supply curve reflects the quantity that all the firms and producers within a country are willing to sell at a give price level. The quantity is plotted on the vertical axis of the curve while the price levels are shown on the horizontal axis. The long term aggregate supply curve is drawn assuming that all the factors of production change and no factor remains constant or fixed (Mankiw, 2014). A chart depicting long run aggregate supply curve is shown below: Further, assumed that there are only three factors such as capital, labor, and technology having bearing on the aggregate supply in the long run. This means that the aggregate supply in the long run is affected by only these three factors. Other micro factors including price do not affect the demand. This assumption is also one of reasons which cause the aggregate supply curve to go vertical. The change in labor at a large scale or change in the technology would cause the production to go up or down, which will cause the aggregate supply curve to shift. However, the changes in these factors at a large scale are seen rarely. This is the reason why the aggregate supply curve remains vertical in long run (Mankiw, 2014). This is due to the reason that increase in the prices in short run is not accompanied by the increase in cost in parallel. Therefore, the producers find it profitable to increase supply on increasing the prices of goods in the short run causing the aggregate supply curve to slope upward (Mankiw, 2014). References Arnold, R.A. 2007. Economics. Cengage Learning. Avramov, D. 2002. People, Demography and Social Exclusion. Council of Europe Hubbard, R.G., Garnett, A.M., Lewis, P., and O'Brien, A.P. 2014. Macroeconomics. Pearson Australia. Mankiw, N.G. 2014. Principles of Macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. McTaggart, D., Findlay, C., and Parkin, M. 2012. Macroeconomics. Pearson Higher Education AU. McTaggart, D., Findlay, C., and Parkin, M. 2012. Macroeconomics. Pearson Higher Education AU. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2016. Labor force Australia November 2016. [Online]. Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/6202.0 [Accessed on: 03 January 2016].

WTVX Case Study free essay sample

WTVX, Channel 6, is located in Eugene, Oregon, home of the University of Oregons football team. The station was owned and operated by George Wilcox, a former Duck (University of Oregon football player). Although there were other television stations in Eugene, WTVX was the only station that had a weatherperson who was a member of the American Meteorological Society (AMS). Every night, Joe Hummel would be introduced as the only weatherperson in Eugene who was a member of the AMS. This was Georges idea, and he believed that this gave his station the mark of quality and helped with market share. In addition to being a member of AMS, Joe was also the most popular person on any of the local news programs. Joe was always trying to find innovative ways to make the weather interesting, and this was especially difficult during the winter months when the weather seemed to remain the same over long periods of time. We will write a custom essay sample on WTVX Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Joes forecast for next month, for example, was that there would be a 70% chance of rain every day, and that what happens on one day (rain or shine) was not in any way dependent on what happened the day before. One of Joes most popular features of the weather report was to invite questions during the actual broadcast. Questions would be phoned in, and they were answered on the spot by Joe. Once a 10-year-old boy asked what caused fog, and Joe did an excellent job of describing some of the various causes. Occasionally, Joe would make a mistake. For example, a high school senior asked Joe what the chances were of getting 15 days of rain in the next month (30 days). Joe made a quick calculation: (70%) x (15 days/30 days) = (70%) (1/2) = 35%. Joe quickly found out what it was like being wrong in a university town. He had over 50 phone calls from scientists, mathematicians, and other university professors, telling him that he had made a big mistake in computing the chances of getting 15 days of rain during the next 30 days. Although Joe didnt understand all of the formulas the professors mentioned, he was determined to find the correct answer and make a correction during a future broadcast. Discussion Questions 1. What are the chances of getting 15 days of rain during the next 30 days? 2. What do you think about Joes assumptions concerning the weather for the next 30 days? Please answer the two Discussion Questions in managerial format (as if you were sending your results to upper management).Elaborate on answers. What are the chances of getting 15 days of rain during the next 30 days? Solution: You have a Binomial Distribution with p = 0.7 q = (1-p) = 1-0.7 = 0.3 n = 30 x = 15 P (x =15) = Therefore, the probability of getting exactly 15 days of rain out of 30 days, is 0.0106 What do you think about Joe’s assumptions concerning the weather for the next 30 days? Solution: Joe used simple probability calculations and therefore his assessment went wrong.

The Central Tenets of Positivism and Effects on Social Research and Methodology †Sociology Research Paper

The Central Tenets of Positivism and Effects on Social Research and Methodology – Sociology Research Paper Free Online Research Papers The Central Tenets of Positivism and Effects on Social Research and Methodology Sociology Research Paper Becoming a sociologist involves learning techniques and modes of analysis through which the merits of various competing versions of reality can be assessed. Most people have knowledge of the society of which they are a member, but their personal experience is insignificant when compared with the total experience of all members of that society. To gain more general knowledge of society, sociologists have developed or adopted a variety of methods of information collection and analysis. Sociological research is often differentiated on the basis that it is either quantitative or qualitative (Giddens). Quantitative research involves the construction of numerical information on large groups of people through means such as the census. Qualitative research involves the collection of more detailed and descriptive information on smaller groups of people. The method chosen for a research project may depend on the subject matter of the research, the aims of the sociologist within that research project, and on that sociologists underlying philosophy of knowledge or epistemology. Quantitative and Qualitative research methods are often associated with positivist and interpretive philosophies. Particular methodologies may also be associated with particular social theories. Research methods is therefore not a technical exercise involv ing the application of statistics or techniques of interviewing and observation, it also involves the understanding of different theories of knowledge and philosophical standpoints. These philosophical standpoints first came to the fore front in the early nineteenth century when sociology first developed. At this point in history, industrialisation was resulting in massive social changes, along with these social changes came intellectual changes, during which science was becoming a lot more influential with philosophers and professionals. Science appeared to be capable of producing objective knowledge that could be used to solve human problems. Therefore, many early sociologists chose to turn to science for methodology on which to base their subject. Emile Durkheim argued that sociologists should apply the methodologies of the natural sciences such as physics to the study of human beings, seeing the scientific method as the only valid and reliable source of knowledge. This implies that scientific sociological research produces collection of facts, and that sociologists should aim at establishing general laws describing human behaviour from which predictions can be made. This perspective is known as positivism and often underpins quantitative research methods. Positivist sociology originated with the work of Auguste Comte (1798-1857), he believed that the social world closely resembled the natural physical world. Comte believed that there was a hierarchy of scientific subjects with sociology at the pinnacle of that hierarchy. He believed that both the social and natural world were made up of objective facts which were independent of individuals and waiting to be discovered. He believed that behaviour in both the natural and social world was governed by external laws, he argued that sociology could be called a ‘science of society’, engaged in discovering the social laws governing human behaviour. â€Å"Comte was confident that scientific knowledge about society could be accumulated and used to improve human existence, so that society could be run rationally without religion or superstition getting in the way of progress†. (Haralambos) Bryman (1988) describes positivism as having five main features: Methodological naturalism or the belief that social research should employ the methods of the natural sciences. Empiricism, or the belief that knowledge can be gained only from observable phenomena. Inductivism or the belief that theory reflects an accumulation of verified facts expressed as laws. Deductivism or the process of generating hypotheses from theory and subjecting them to empirical testing in order to confirm or undermine that theory. Objectivity, or the belief that valid knowledge is obtained when scientists do not allow their personal values to intrude on their research. The central tenets of positivism as they appeared in twentieth century philosophy of science firstly include the belief that the scientific study of society should be confined to collecting information about phenomena which can be objectively observed and classified, this relates to Bryman and his feature of objectivity. Comte argued that sociologists should not be concerned with the internal meanings, motives and emotions of individuals, because, these mental states only exist in the person’s consciousness. Therefore they cannot be observed and measured in any objective way. Durkheim also agreed that sociologists should confine themselves to studying social facts, he claims, â€Å"Consider social facts as things†. In other words, the facts of the social world for example, institutions, belief systems and customs – they should all be considered as things in the same way as the objects and events of the natural world. Another aspect of positivism concerns the use of statistical data, as many positivists believed it was possible to classify the social world in an objective way, therefore it was then possible to count sets of observable social facts and so produce statistics. An example of this would be Durkheim’s study of suicide; he collected data on social facts such as the suicide rate and the membership of different religions in order to determine if there was a correlation between the two. After this he was able to produce statistics, determining the correlation that more people from the Protestant religion committed suicide. This method of looking for and establishing correlations between social facts is another aspect of early positivism. An example of this, again using Durkheim’s study of suicide, would be the correlation that married people were more prone to suicide than those who were single. However, he also found that married women who had no children ended up with a high suicide rate. The search for causal connections is a central tenet of positivism; this is when there is a strong correlation between two or more types of social phenomena. A positivist might then believe that one of these phenomena was causing the other to take place. However, it has been found that this is not always the case. Robert Merton (1968) believes there is a correlation between a person being working class therefore there being a high chance of that person being convicted of a crime. This is not always the case as there are other possibilities including the criminal could be of middle class origin but their conviction of crime causes them to be downward socially mobile causing lack of employment and therefore becoming working class. In order to overcome the problem of spurious correlation, Durkheim devised a technique known as multivariate analysis. This involves trying to isolate the effect of a particular independent variable upon the dependant variables. The dependant variable is the ‘thing’ that is caused, for example, crime. The independent variable is the factors that cause the dependant variable, for example, gender. Quantitative researchers can therefore analyse the relative importance of many different variables. Durkheim for example, checked whether or not Protestantism was associated with a high suicide rate regardless of nationality by examining suicide rates in a range of countries. Positivists believe that multivariate analysis can establish causal connections between two or more variables. If these findings are checked in a variety of contexts for example, in different societies at different times, then the researchers can be confident that they have gained the ultimate goal of positivism: a law of human behaviour. Auguste Comte believed he had discovered a law that all human societies passed through three stages, the theological, the metaphysical and the positive. In the first humans believed that events were caused by the actions of gods, in the second, events were held to be caused by abstract forces, but in the third scientific rationality triumphed so that scientific laws formed the basis of explanation. These various tenets of positivism have had many various implications for social research and the researchers. It has been argued that the positivist approach has highlighted the concept of value freedom. This is the view that sociology can and should conduct research according to the dictates of science; excluding any influence of the researchers own values. This in turn will make the research more reliable. However, in the social sciences we all tend to have beliefs and commitments in relation to whatever we are studying and researching. It can be said to be impossible to exclude all biases introduced into a researchers work, this in turn influencing the research process. Another implication of positivism is that the sociological positivist insists that the methods and techniques applied in research should be objective. This is when the knowledge researchers’ gain is claimed to meet criteria of validity and reliability, therefore making the research free of bias. Even if the bias does occur, sociological studies are often closely scrutinised and criticised and then repeated by different members of the scientific community, therefore bias is often eliminated in the long run. Due to positivists arguing that official statistics are objective, easily quantified and reliable, many researchers will now employ statistics in their research as they are easy to use and easy to read. Positivists also argue that there is little opportunity for error or subjectivity to affect the truth of hard data such as the birth and death statistics. One of Bryman’s features of positivism – deductivism – is also essential for research as the generating of hypotheses and the empirical testing of hypotheses will help the researcher in the long run with the problem of bias again as I stated above making the research more reliable. A method popular with positivists who are collecting data for their research is the social survey as it gathers quantifia ble data, it is regarded as objective and reliable – both of which are essential for researchers. Although positivism has had many implications for social research, it has also been strongly criticised. An example of this would be that although sociological researchers profit from being able to pose questions directly to those they are studying – human beings. On the other hand, people who know their activities are being scrutinised, frequently will not behave in the same way as they do normally. Foe example, when individuals answer questionnaires, they may consciously or unconsciously give a view of themselves which differs from their usual attitudes. Individuals may even try to assist the researcher by giving the responses they believe he or she wants. The main view of positivism is that laws of human behaviour can be discovered by the collection of objective facts about the social world in statistical form by careful analysis of these facts and by repeated checking of the findings in a series of contexts. From this point of view, humans have little or no choice ab out how they behave, what takes place in their consciousness is held to be irrelevant since external forces govern human behaviour; people react to stimuli in the environment in a predictable and consistent way. Therefore positivists are implying that humans react directly to a stimulus without attaching a meaning to it first. â€Å"It is this implication of the positivist approach that has attracted the strongest criticism†. (Haralambos). To conclude this assignment I believe that the positivist approach within sociology is as useful today within research as it was back at the end of the nineteenth, beginning of the twentieth century. Its many tenets are still widely used throughout the research world including statistical data, correlation and causation. Although there are also other philosophical standpoints within sociology, I believe that the positivist belief that social facts make individuals behave in a particular way is the most relevant to researchers today as it gives the researcher an opportunity to have his or her own beliefs and values regardless of what their customs and practices are. REFERANCES Bryman, A (1988) Quantity and Quality in Social Research. Routledge, London. Giddens, A (1993) Sociology Second Edition. Polity Press, London. Haralambos, M Holbourn, M (1995) Sociology. Harper Collins, London. Merton, R (1968) Social Theory and Social Structure. The Free Press, New York. Research Papers on The Central Tenets of Positivism and Effects on Social Research and Methodology - Sociology Research PaperInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part OneAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThree Concepts of PsychodynamicAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andPETSTEL analysis of India

Caffeine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Caffeine - Research Paper Example Later this turned into the creation of a form of tea by steeping these items in boiling water. The Chinese emperor Shennong, according to Chinese legend, reigned in around 3000 BCE and found out that when leaves fell into boiling water a â€Å"fragrant and restorative drink resulted†(Yu, 35) leading historians to believe that this also aided in the discovery of tea/caffeine use for regular usage. In 900 BCE, â€Å"The Greek historian Homer mentions a bitter drink that is capable of warding off sleep. This was probably strong brewed tea.† (Unknown, 14) Coffee was discovered later on in the 9th century by a goat herder who observed his goats eating berries from a tree that made them more alert and awake. (Yu, 54) At this time, coffee beans were already being used and ground into fat in North America. This substance became a staple for religious practices due to the fact that coffee helped them stay awake longer. As mankind became more and more advanced and developed, soci ety began to see the use of caffeine in more daily use. A German scientist named Friedlieb Runge first synthesized caffeine in the lab. Since then, scientists and pharmacologists have learned how to create and extract the chemical and properties of caffeine from the coca bean and put it into commercial and medicinal use. In today’s society, caffeine is most commonly seen in the use of coffee, energy drinks, candy, etc. Unknown to society is that caffeine is one of the most abused substances across the world and has properties in it’s mechanism of action that can create possible problems for both short term and long term use due to the pharmacokinetics of caffeine and it’s mechanism of action. Caffeine is a stimulant which when it interacts with certain receptors in the body. Specifically, caffeine impacts systems such as the central nervous system and other physiological systems in the body. The typical route of administration is oral and is usually found in consumer food products, but has also been isolated in pill form as well. The chemical nature of caffeine is that it is lipid soluble. Because of this property, caffeine is able to bypass the blood brain barrier and have a direct effect upon the neural synapses in the brain. Primarily, caffeine is an antagonist on the adenosine receptors in the brain. This means that caffeine physically binds to the receptors in the brain causing a release of adenosine into the synapses. This can cause the secretion of norepinephrine and dopamine to occur. Norepinephrine is a stimulating neurotransmitter that is most commonly associated with the â€Å"fight or flight† aspect of the sympathetic nervous system. Dopamine is a pleas ure and rewarding chemical that is regulated by many different reward pathways, but the most common one consists of the dopamine being secreted in the ventral tegmental area and it proceeding on a pathway to the prefrontal cortex through the nucleus accumbens. The rewarding effect is one of the ways in which an individual becomes addicted to the drug. Physiologically, a person can experience the associated â€Å"crash† once the drug is no longer in the system since caffeine has a half-life of approximately four hours. In order to achieve the same effect, the user must continue to use more and more of whatever caffeine source they are

FINANCE FOR MANAGERS Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FINANCE FOR MANAGERS - Term Paper Example If the 30 year old is a moderate investor, who plans to live longer than the prescribed age of 79-82, they should adopt the new life asset allocation model. The model is based on the calculation that the person subtracts his age from 120.That is, (120-30) meaning that 90% should be allocated to stocks while 10% is allocated to bonds. Simko argues that, this allocation model is best suited for individuals who are health fanatics and plan to live well into their mid-eighties. Recent scientific reports indicate that people are living longer than in previous years. Additionally, stocks have been identified as outperforming money markets (bonds) over the long run. The stocks can be used to cater for the needs of the 30 year old into her retirement years (Simko, 2012). According to Ostbo, for an aggressive investor, the best model is the nothing to lose allocation model, which is based on the assumption that stocks outperform bonds in the long run. It is most suited for individuals who are rich and won’t rely on stocks for survival, or poor individuals who are willing to risk their savings to get high rewards. Additionally, the person should be young and willing and able to invest for a period of 20 years and more (Ostbo, 2013). Personally, I would adopt the new life asset allocation model because it caters for the needs of a person, who plans on living up to 85 years and is a moderate investor. I would therefore allocate 90% to equities and 10% to fixed income (bonds). However, I would not allocate any percentage to real estate due to the recent bursting of the housing market bubble in 2007 and neither would I allocate any percentage to gold and cash because of their volatile nature. I would lose the value of my initial investments by investing in

Role Of Technology In Teenagers Lives English Language Essay

Role Of Technology In Teenagers Lives English Language Essay Technology plays a vital role in the lives of teenagers. It is a medium used by Generation Y for a myriad of different purposes; communication, leisure and education. Teenagers employ the use of mobile phones and personal computers; they access the internet via these platforms using them to communicate with their peers. Throughout this essay I will be analysing the impact inflicted upon teenagers (16-18 years) communication levels with the rapid development of technology. The rapid development of technology, communication and its impact on teenagers will be the focus of this essay. The Oxford English dictionary defines technology as the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment (Technology. (n.d.), Dictionary.com, 2010). The concept of technology interrelated with communication refers to communication via various avenues such as internet platforms (msn, twitter, flutter, etc.) which can also be connected to handheld devices such as mobile phones. Technology aids teenagers in communicating more easily and efficiently. The role of technology has changed greatly in recent times, and is not a new phenomenon. It is one that has been developing constantly and improving its efficiency over many years. Technology has extended peoples ways of communication. To get by their everyday lives people require a great deal of social communication. It has become apparent that in order to increase our awareness of the greater possibilities and options in life, we require greater levels of communication. Teenagers are the next generation; they have grown up with elevated expertise with regard to technology as opposed to the older generations. Technology has allowed for the manipulation of words via msn messengers or phone sms etc using chatiquettes (Netiquette, 2010) which are simpler and more convenient, yet grammatically incorrect. The question is whether technology users have become more educated or less educated via technology. As part of the research for this topic a questionnaire was conducted where a large amount of data was compiled from a certain age group with regard to their view on the topic of this essay. This allowed for an extra focus on the age group 16-18 where there were 53 participants. My main method of research was asking questions to generate evidence. This evidence was consequently compiled into sets of data to provide information about how teenagers are affected by their increased use of communicative technology. The students all attend a high school in suburban Melbourne. The results of the questionnaire will be discussed in a later part of the essay. The findings incorporated in the essay are the findings of Pew Internet Projects. These resources will provide an insight into the ways teenagers experience writing and technology in their lives and it will give a clear insight into whether technology users have become more educated or less educated via technology. This will help to determine the true implication that the rapid development of communicative technology has on the teenage age group (16-18) with regard to their communicative skills. This will be achieved by discussing both the negative and positive effects that technology has had on the communication of a teenager. From the discussed information it will be possible to determine the implication of the improvement of technology. PART 1: The Lives of Teenagers and their Technology The role of technology in teenagers lives continues to grow. Almost all teenagers nowadays have access to the internet via phones, computers and laptops. Moreover, technology is increasingly found in homes and schools. Teachers often expect students to have access to technology in order to have better presented work that is printed and easier to read. It seems that technology has overwhelmed the lives of teenagers although as mentioned before, it is developing constantly and improving in its user interaction efficiency. Also used to promote technology is the concept that the better technology the student has, in this case school attending teenagers, the more likely they are to excel in school, as it facilitates greater opportunities for education. In general, phones and computers are used by teenagers to keep records of events, to socialize with friends and family and for entertainment, be it gaming, movies and/or as an educational tool. In the questionnaire participants were asked: How often do you engage in some kind of format of electronics (instant messaging, sending emails, texting or posting comments)? Graph 1: correlation between boys and girls As seen on the graph, modern day teenagers accomplish a large part of their communication via technology. For internet-illiterates to understand these teenagers they need to implement similar language conventions that teenagers employ whilst using the internet. It is not to say that the original methods of communication have been eliminated, they have been modified through technology. This modification has aroused the concern of many people, with regard to the effect of the use of technology in this way and whether it has a positive or negative effect on them. It can be argued that teenagers communication levels have deteriorated by using shortened wordings like abbreviations or chatiquettes as used in online chatting systems . Nearly all teenagers use the internet. The internet usage has grown over the years; it has become apparent with many companies as they are providing offers of higher internet usage at lower prices, which indicates as to the demand of internet usage by people. It is fitting to say that since teenagers spend most of their time using technology then they would be the largest consumers of internet usage. The concept of technology in this essay is its interrelation with communication. There is a direct link between teenagers use of new media and how it allows them to enhance their communication techniques. Teenagers attempt to access communicative technology from various locations. Schools and libraries play an important role in the internet a teen can access outside the home. Now with WAP (wireless application protocol) students can access the internet on their phones, meaning students are constantly up to date even when they are not at home. Teenagers access the internet through credit or through the latest most advanced technologies known as Hotspots/WIFI hotspots. They allow you to access the internet from that specific place for free. Hotspots can be found in public areas and include places like Mc Donalds, schools and libraries. Yet, there are limiting factors to using the internet while at school or in the library which include, connection speed, the presence of internet filters, firewalls, and also blocked sites. Therefore it is evident that advancements in technology have allowed for solutions to most communication problems. As the world is becoming more wirelessly connected it is beginning to revolutionise the way in which teenagers go about with their daily lives. Many teenagers go online daily on social networking sites where you comment and post issues, popular among students these days. These interactive activities involve large volumes of written text and have become one of the essential daily bases of life to most teenagers, since such activities are required multiple times a day. According to the survey I conducted, teenagers have become heavily reliant on technology. In fact 39 out of 53 students say they are constantly engaged in some kind of electronic communication throughout the day, in short 73% of these students are evidently surrounded by electronic devices (Mohamad K, 2010). These devices are being used when a person is bored, while doing homework, before sleeping or as soon as they wake up. Students update themselves for the weather forecast, events or even check their email. In this da y and age individuals socially communicate via the internet. Being switched on has allowed individuals with opportunities never before fathomed. Nowadays we are able to communicate extensively with our community. One student noted I love using Skype; I speak to my sister in Abu Dhabi. Its great because I only see her once a year (Mohamad K , 2010). Rapid developments in technology have created an environment where information is accessible from all parts of the globe. This data is free and easily accessible, for teenagers this means they have access to a range of information resources, all at the click of a button. The internet has paved the way in communicating information. No longer do students need to have access to physical texts. They can extend their vocabulary, grammar and language conventions all by use of the World Wide Web. When students do not have access to books they can access so much textual context provided by the internet proprietors. Literacy is improved in many ways when a student reads a magazine, an article or even song lyrics they gain different levels of understanding in the way that these different types of pieces are structured. It also helps students understand different phenomenas they are not aware of, by using online thesauruses or dictionaries students are able to widen their vocabulary. Teenagers tend to make meaning from anything they see be it visual, written, or spoken texts. Teenagers as mentioned before have developed with technology and Pew internet and American Life project says that seven in ten students have a mobile phone, and six in ten have a desktop or laptop computer. Yes, six in ten teenagers are likely to have a computer but that is not the only communication tool being used. Mobile phones are perhaps one of the most used communicative technologies and have grown rapidly among teenagers. In general, phones and computers are used by teenagers to keep records of events, to socialize with friends and family and for entertainment, be it gaming, movies, and/or as an educational tool. PART 2: Teenagers and Their Writing Habits Having outlined and discussed the way teenagers interact with technology and their dependence on it, a discussion of the effect that this development in communicative technology has on them will allow for a better understanding of the implications of communicative technology. References to writing will be made mainly with regard to academic writing and social writing as they form the main bulk of writing undertaken by teenage students. It is apparent in teenagers that some enjoy writing or are gifted in writing while others are not. Taking into consideration the fact that writing, inside and outside of school writing is usually different in the lives of teenagers, it is possible to categorise them as formal and informal pieces of writing. Writing is essential to a person and it is crucial for people to develop writing skills especially teenagers attending school as it is their main form of communication (exams and tests). Todays teenagers write a significant amount at school and outs ide of school, yet the writing done outside of school such as emailing, instant messaging and texting are classified as informal writing. When teenagers use the internet they do not employ the proper use of language conventions however, according to Luke and Freebodys Four Rescource Model (refer to appendix 1) they are text decoders, participants, users and analysers. Language is always going to remain as such, though there are many forms in which a language, in this case English maybe manipulated by different people. The presence of slang English which refers to common day language has no grammatical basis in the English language; this is the best example of the manipulation of language. The same concept of slang language can be applied to the method of shortening words and abbreviating employed by teenagers during their communication through technology. These modifications to the language are not without reason. The abbreviation of words is usually either simply a result of the convenience of shorter words or due to the limitation by certain technology as to the size of the pieces of writing. Therefore the way people apply their language skills is different and will always be different its up to the teenagers in this day and age to ensure their increased usage of incorrect slang English language does not affect their basic English language skill s as the constant use of a certain form of the language will alter the basic underlying grammar principles. The digital age presents a paradox (Lenhart et al., 2008, pg(i)). Most teenagers now spend a great deal of time sending texts, it remains sceptical as to whether or not this text driven habit is inspiring a new appreciation for writing. As for school writing, the most common type of writing is note taking, writing essays and answering questions. All teenagers that attend school are predisposed to these types of work in most subjects and thus they form the need to improve their formal language skills, it can be safe to assume that formal language is far from being significantly deteriorated at this time in history, as technology is still dependent on formal language to convey ideas and information. As such though teenagers have developed differing writing habits with the use of technology for communication, the fact that they attend school ensures their link to basic formal language is not severed completely. In addition as a teenager most students believe that socially oriented writi ng they do using electronic devices is considered e-communication and therefore not writing (Lenhart et al., 2008). Students still hold the traditional definition of writing so technically their understanding of writing is not being deteriorated by technology (Lenhart et al., 2008). In my questionnaire the question asked was Do you think that electronic text is a form of writing? produced the following result. Graph 2: Amount of boys and girls who answered no to the question above In relation the graph, it can be understood that students do know the difference between electronic text and formal writing. All for one, the internet is a primary source of research for school writing and assignments and is an informative, communicative way that is everywhere and is present anywhere at once. The internet is not only used for school assignments, most commonly it is used for social networking, and communicating and media related activities. The writing students compose in school is basic and compulsory although writing composed outside of school is a piece that you mostly enjoy writing about that you mainly express yourself in. This type of writing outside of school enhances the writing capacity of teenagers in school and excels them overtime. PART 3: Electronic communication the relationship between writing, communication and technology ownership Teenagers are known to use the internet for many reasons. A study suggests that the communicative functions of the internet and mobile phone are the main reasons why teenagers use these technologies (Lenhart et al., 2008). These technologies have increased the methods of completing written works and the connection between people. Since technology together with the internet have promoted these types of writings and they have become widely known and popular. It is a worry for some people that students might become attached to these practises of writing and continues to write using the language of the internet. A study confirms 64 percent of youngsters ages 12 to 17 have used emoticons, text shortcuts and informal language in school assignments, the survey found (Horowitz E, 2008). Another question asked to the participants was, do you prefer using text language over acceptable English language in your essays? Graph 3: Amount of students who prefer using acceptable English language rather than text in essays To reinforce this I conducted a questionnaire which consisted of 12 questions that precisely devised and simple to understand. The difficulties and challenges encountered while creating this survey was first to actually understanding what students really thought about the influence that technology can have, and whether or not students understood that this rapid development is unhealthy for some of them. All in all everyone has different opinions; I had difficulties understanding some of their extended responses because some students did not answer accordingly. Also the fact that technology has become a part of our lives means it has become virtually invisible because it has become a need in todays society not a want. So its difficult to ask the students if technology has improved their writing or has degraded their writing, since technology has always existed in these teenagers lives. Therefore, students may not be aware of the impact technology may have on them. Teenagers in general have had different experiences with writing, as everyone writes for different reasons according to their interests. Nowadays when using the internet it provides you with more words and a wider range of ideas and aspects although it will not change the quality of writing it serves as a good information source, quality of writing comes with time and to establish this a wide range of vocabulary is required. According to my questionnaire many students believe that abbreviations such as; textonyms and chatiquettes could possibly be a way of speech sooner or later. Students said they can maintain the basic difference within their mentality between these languages and seem to imply that they will not make informal language become inherent within their language habits. Although, social analysts believe its highly likely with the rapid technology development. Many students have different views to this issue; some say that a text message would represent the way they speak however, with abbreviated words. And some say it depends on whether a person likes formal English speaking/writing or not. These are what some of the students had to say: The questions asked was do you think will soon speak the way you use text language? Why? Sarah Thomas: year 12 says: hopefully but I think its inevitable with the amount of technology surrounding us using this kind of speech. Zahra Ahmad: year 12 says: yes, its happening already, people, especially the younger generation, think its cool to talk this way. Because of so much use of the internet people will soon be speaking in the way of text language. Fatima Abou-eid: year 12 says:no because I like to read I love proper grammar and spelling others, however, who do not like English as much, might result in speaking in texting, eventually. Arian Behbahani: year 12 says: yes, it is how we communicate by the means of our main ways of communication. Nur Hannah: year 12 says: speak? Isnt text whatever you speak but with some letters omitted? Many teenagers use informal writing in school work, this consequently affects their language skills, according to Pew Internet Projects 50% of teenagers say they sometimes use the informal writing styles in the writing they perform for school. (Lenhart et al., 2008). It is not surprising that teenagers have adopted these writing skills and apply them to school writing. Given that, the daily lives of teenagers is being consumed by technological communicative systems it is most likely that they incorporate textonyms, acronyms, chatiquettes and abbreviations into school writing, examples of these are LOL (laughing out loud), ily (I love you), hru (how are you). Using these types of colloquial communicative methods outside of school is not the only factor that contributes to technology based writing in school work. It depends on the students attitude as well if a student considers that this type of writing electronic communication is considered writing than he or she is likely to use informal writing in school work and vice versa. Teenagers acknowledge the writing of slang in their work, but also overcoming this habit has various difficulties depending on the person though usually it is a matter of revising work to ensure the absence of informal writing. Overall, students in school are prompted to write about novels and articles which involve a great deal of formal language implementation. School writing helps them to achieve higher grades, excels their grammar their language skills and gives access to schools, universities. Therefore this would form an important motivation for students to perfect their formal language skills instead of allowing technology based language (sms, email, messenger style writing). Whilst the writing teenagers do for their selves expresses emotions releases stress its simple a chance to keep in touch. Many students value their formal work because its an accomplishment towards better writing. CONCLUSION This essay was and evaluation of the impact inflicted upon teenagers (16-18 years) communication levels with the rapid development of technology. Through research it is apparent that technology has extended our avenues of communication. It has done this via social networks and new media; they have paved the way for varied communication methods. Teenagers use these technologies to communicate and converse with their friends and family. Teenagers nowadays have grown up in a developed technical world. The research illustrated the ways in which teenagers use technology and apply it with writing skills, this was investigated due to the development of technology and the question of has technology impacted our youth communication levels?. Teenagers have adapted to technology and its widespread use in society. The findings that have emerged from this investigation is that teenagers use informal language on social networking sites the same way they use slang to communicate with friends. Both types of language would not be employed in a formal manner. As presented in my study, teenagers would use formal language when writing academic text, and could differentiate between the different styles. The research conducted as part of this study illustrated how technology improves and extends teenagers literacy skills. It proposes the importance of technology in a world dominated by new mediums. The study highlighted that teenagers could distinguish between formal and informal communication, and could determine the correct time and place to use either communication method. Whether technology or education is the reason for students adopting the slang style of language is a topic that can be further taken into consideration. What Education standard an individual is subjected to for e.g. Private school or a state school is a factor that contributes to an individual adopting slang language and that can be further understood due to different environments, teachers, and students. Although the final decision is for that individual to take, it is up to that individual to speak the way they want to speak. Technology on the other hand is a device students become familiar with easily. In implying this technology has paved ways for better and more effective communication around the globe. Do not be surprised when a student writes so very formally and talks in a manner that is colloquial. It is natural for a teenager to be at work having to complete an assignment/oral, and in doing so they will with no doubt speak/write in an improved formal manner. Technology and education maybe factors that contribute to an individual speaking colloquially, but these causes cant be to blame solely. The cutting down on letters in a word during a chatting session results in individuals chatting colloquially and that is what technology is made for, to make communication easier. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Jackie Robinson Essay -- essays research papers

Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born January 31, 1919. He was born in Cairo, Georgia and was the youngest of five children. He had a grandfather that was a slave, Jackie’s dad was a sharecropper and Mallie, Jackie’s mother, was a maid. His dad ran away from the family when Jackie was only an infant. Jackie fought racism in his California childhood, at collage and throughout his whole life. During his childhood at California he was always picked on at school. Kids taunted him so much and so badly that he developed a hot temper. When Jackie was growing up, whenever he would sense or be involved in legal injustice he would get really mad and there would be nothing he could of done about it. At the University of California in Los Angeles, Jackie met his future wife, Rachel Islam. Jackie starred in four sports. Some have said that Jackie was the greatest American athlete, arguing that he was better at track & field, football and basketball than baseball. Later after college he joined the Negro Leagues to play professional baseball. If Blacks wanted to play professional baseball in 1946, they had to do so in the segregated Negro Leagues. Negro leagues started in 1920. They created these leagues because whites didn’t want blacks to play with them. They wanted the MLB to be clean white. Jackie Robinson was drafted into the army in 1942. He had a series of many conflicts as he rose to the rank of lieutenant. The worst one was when Jackie was sitting in the front seats of a milit...

Death of a Salesman Essay Essay

The play ‘Death Of A Salesman’, the brainchild of Arthur Miller was transformed and fitted to the movie screen in the year 1986. The play itself is set in the house of Willy Loman, and tells the melancholy story of a salesman whom is in deep financial trouble, and the only remedy for the situation is to commit suicide. In the stage production of this tale, the specific lighting, set, and musical designs really give the story a strong undertow of depression. And logically the screen and stage productions both differ greatly in regards to the mood they set. Moreover the movie production can do many things that just cannot be done on stage, with reference to the setting of course. To generalize, the play gives us a good hard look at the great American Dream failing miserably. However the combination of both the stage and screen productions accurately depict the shortcomings of the capitalist society. Death of a Salesman specifically focuses on four characters, the first being the main character Willy Loman, his wife Linda, and their two sons Hap and Biff Loman. As mentioned, the focal point of this play is Willy Loman, a salesman in his early sixties. Throughout the story we are told the hard life, emotions and triumphs of Willy the salesman. Early in the play we learn that he has recently been demoted to working for commission, which later in the play,(on par with his luck) translates into Willy getting fired. As the plot unfolds we discover that Willy had a rich brother who recently died named Ben, whom Willy looked upon with great admiration for becoming extremely wealthy and the ripe old age of 21. However Willy also becomes very depressed when Ben leaves, the fact being that he re-realizes the meagerness of his own life, and that he is still making payments on all of his possessions. Willy then comprehends that by the time his worldly possessions are paid for†¦they shall no longer be of any use. For example, the Loman house has become virtually unnecessary now that the two sons have moved out. It isn’t until after Willy’s death that the final mortgage payment is made†¦.for a house with no one inside it. The one example of this statement is given by Linda during the final paragraph of the play, ‘I made the last payment on the house today. Today, dear. And there will be nobody home. We’re free and clear†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.we’re free†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.we’re free†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦we’re free’ As the plot thickens, Willy the salesman plummets deeper and deeper into depression until his most likely route of action, which of course is suicide. However the reasoning behind this course of action, we find, is his genuine love for his family, along with Willy’s deep longing to supply his family with as much money as he can possibly get his hands on. As we learn more about Willy’s trials and tribulations, the age old expression ‘like father like son’ appears out of nowhere like a beacon. Like his father, Willy’s son Biff also has some problems of his own, the main one being that Biff cannot seem to find his niche in life. Furthermore, we are told that Biff at one point did in fact have his future all planned out. It turns out that Biff was a shoe-in for a position on the University Of Virginia State football team. However, that chance was all but lost when Biff did not qualify to pass his final mathematics course. Now as you can imagine the fact that Biff had to explain this to his father was quite a large problem in itself. But to add insult to injury, when Biff made the trip to Boston to explain his mathematical dilemma, he is horrified to find that his father has been with another women. And this one incident would leave Biff being an entirely different person altogether. He didn’t even make an attempt to finish his math in summer school. After Boston, Biff couldn’t have cared less what happened to his own life. However, as is in life, out of something horrible comes something worthy. And Biff finally comes to the realization that he in fact wants to make his future. And that future entails working in the outdoors on a farm. The other reasoning behind this life decision is of course, is to go against the wishes and values that his father has tried to instill in Biff his entire life. Biff pours his heart to his brother Hap one quarter through act I. †¦..’To devote your whole life to keeping stock, or making phone calls, or selling or buying. To suffer fifty weeks a year for the sake of a two week vacation, when all you really desire is to be outdoors, with your shirt off †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Fortunately for Biff, he determines his future by the play’s conclusion. He comes to the understanding that he and Willy were never meat to be business men. Including that they were intended to be working on a farm with their hands. And after vexing to procure Hap to come with him (which is to no avail), he escapes from his home to continue on with the rest of his life. Which for Biff seems to be the soundest choice, the decision that Willy just couldn’t make. Hap on the other hand stays with his father, and at play’s end decides to follow in Willy’s footsteps. That of course is to succeed at business at all costs. Both the stage and screen rendition utilize a melange of distinct effects to set the tone and to enact the specific place where the action transpires. For example the stage interpretation utilizes a unique convention that involves walking through the set to delineate circumstances in the past, or episodes going on inside the mind of Willy. This illusion can be easily created with specific crossfades and musical underlay, and of course willing suspension of disbelief. Divergently, in the screen production the set is obviously utilized in a completely different manner. On that account the movie uses a distinct fading and brightening lighting technique, that still stays true to the conventions set forth by the playwright. The one device that the screen production contains that the stage does not, is the ability to display the past events of Willy’s life in a completely accurately set manner. Meaning when there is a flashback to a previous happening, the setting travels back in time as well. Which, from a certain perspective, better illustrates the past recollections of Willy and his family. As mentioned the stage production successfully employs music to delineate certain characters or the tone of that particular instant. There is in fact music used in the movie, however it is only a small aspect of the screen medium whereas it is an integral component of the stage version. Although you cannot fully comprehend the importance of the music by simply reading the play, it must be performed right in front of you.. While the movie gives you a generally decent feel for the musical intonation. In its entirety the music does an excellent job of setting the mood that Willy is in. The play is set inside the house of Willy Loman. Surrounding his house are some tall building that are quite visible on the edges of the set. The house itself contains two bedrooms, a living room and a kitchen. This is also where the majority of the action of the play takes place. All other action happens outside the house lines. Which for a stage audience requires them to suspend their disbelief even further. Whereas in a movie the viewer isn’t required to stretch any of his or her imaginations. Although this particular screen production utilized a uncommon convention that allowed the viewer to actually see through the set. One other interesting convention used by the designer was that there was no roof on the house at certain times during the performance. And in place of the roof were huge buildings and skyscrapers. These buildings were used to divulge a over-powering feeling of gloom. This tool is much more effectual in the movie, due to its original and abstract nature. This was also was very helpful during Willy’s dreams, on account of the house would exude an aura of peace an tranquillity. Together with the prevalent set in the movie, (where there is a roof and normal fencing), the idea is very well perceived. In spite of the fact that this play has been described as a modern tragedy, there has been some controversy to that description. The reason being that it does not accompany the standard protocol of tragedy. Traditionally speaking, a tragedy usually begins with the main character in the midst of a prominent position of piety. And over the course of the play becomes transformed and that character flips to a lower level of status. A tragedy is also reputed to acquaint its audience with regard to life. The audience should leave a tragedy feeling virtuous about themselves, even though the tragedy concludes on a note of melancholy. This is why scholars say they cannot include this play in the definition of tragedy. This famous tale of a salesman contains a singular main character; Willy (The Salesman)Loman, his two strapping young lads Happy and Biff, and of course his adoring wife Linda. Willy struggles to climb his way up the American capitalist hierarchy, but its seems his ship will not come in. In spite of the fact that Willy would much rather be laboring with his hands, he is set  in the mindset that his real love could never make enough money. Disappointment after disappointment Willy decides that his only way to provide for his family would be to commit suicide. The number one son of the salesman, Biff, is paving his way for a discouraging life. Symbolically speaking, the character of Biff represents Willy at a younger age, for they both carry the same characteristics. However Biff is given the same chance to do something with his life, and surprisingly enough he takes it. As for Willy’s other son, Happy decides that he will take the same long, hard road as his father, only he t hinks that he’ll make it. The Character of Willy Loman seem to be the consummate model to illustrate the dissension of the American capitalist ideals. For example he is a salesman who dons an aged suit that is ceaselessly creased during the course of the screen production, moreover in the script is directed to appear dilapidated. He drive an archaic, run down vehicle on the brink of extinction. While on the contrary, a proper salesman must appear presentable and attractive to market his goods. And Willy definitely does not harmonize with the ideals of being a salesman, divergently he pains to match it. Moreover that is the reason why he doesn’t belong inside the world of business. As exemplified in the passage made by Biff in the requiem. ‘When he’d come from a trip; or on Sundays, making the stoop†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.You know something Charley, there’s more of him in that front stoop than in all the sales he ever made.’ This story seems to epitomize the frivolity of agonizing to achieve something as insignificant as money and power. It definitely makes one question the social values of the American capitalist system, and why certain individual continue to pursue the ideals of that system on a daily basis. For the downside to the capitalist dream is hopelessness. And that downside is more than apparent in the Loman family. Quote on page one: Death of A Salesman, Arthur Miller, Viking Penguin Inc. 1949, Pg.139 Quote on page two: Death of A Salesman, Arthur Miller, Viking Penguin Inc. 1949, Pg.22 Quote on page four: Death of A Salesman, Arthur Miller, Viking Penguin Inc. 1949, Pg.138